In reality, earth ground is quite the complex subject given all variables and materials that make up the earth. It should be noted, however, that "earth being immune to electrical wavering" is, in fact, a generalization. The earth provides an electrically neutral body, and due to the earth's virtually infinite state of neutrality, it is immune to electrical wavering. It's a ground physically (and electrically) connected to earth via a conductive material such as copper, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy.Ī true earth ground, as defined by the National Electrical Code (NEC), consists of a conductive pipe, or rod, physically driven into the earth to a minimum depth of 8 feet. Earth GroundĮarth ground is exactly as it sounds. Not all voltage measurements are in reference to ground. For instance, if you were to measure the voltage across the upper resistor in a resistive voltage divider, your reference point would not be ground. However, not all voltage measurements are taken from this reference point. Typically, this reference point is the base for all other voltage measurements within the circuit. The ground reference point is often, but not always-more on this later-represented by a standard ground symbol. If it is not, the measurement is meaningless. That is, a voltage measurement must be compared to another point in the circuit. Voltage measurements are relative measurements. This reference point is known as ground (or GND) and carries a voltage of 0V. In electronics and electrical engineering, it is by convention we define a point in a circuit as a reference point. In this article, we'll discuss earth ground, common ground, analog ground, and digital ground. Learn about the basics of grounds, grounding, and ground symbols.
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